![]() ![]() This suggests that experience managing two languages that compete for selection results in greater working memory capacity over time. Results from 88 effect sizes, 27 independent studies, and 2,901 participants revealed a significant small to medium population effect size of 0.20 in favor of greater working memory capacity for bilinguals than monolinguals. We therefore conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of bilingualism on working memory capacity. Some have suggested that bilinguals also have greater working memory capacity than comparable monolinguals, but evidence for this suggestion is mixed. Bilinguals often outperform monolinguals on executive function tasks, including tasks that tap cognitive flexibility, conflict monitoring, and task-switching abilities.
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